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1.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 14: 1-5, mar. 20, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1525072

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Relatar a importância da oferta do colo para recén nascidos que estão em uma Unidade de Cuidados Intermediários Neonatal com vínculo materno ou familiar rompido pelo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato experiência embasado na implantação do projeto "hora do colinho" em um hospital público de referência, localizado na cidade de João Pessoa/Paraíba. Resultados: Foi observado que a oferta do colo não tinha impacto apenas na redução do estresse e da dor nos recémnascidos, mas no ganho ponderal do peso à medida que o gasto de energia era minimizado através da diminuição do choro. O tempo de permanência na unidade influenciado pelo peso também sofreu decréscimo ao se comparar com os meses anteriores ao estudo. Conclusão: A hora do colinho proporcionou o fortalecimento do acolhimento em ambientes que são notoriamente reconhecidos como estressantes, tanto para pacientes quanto para profissionais. Ampliou-se a humanização na assistência de enfermagem neonatal durante o período pandêmico e o relacionamento entre equipe e familiares dos recém nascidos. (AU)


Objective: To report the importance of offering the cervix for newborns who are in a Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit with a maternal or family bond broken by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Methods: This is a descriptive study of the experience report type, based on the implementation of the "colo time" project in a public reference hospital, located in the city of João Pessoa/Paraíba. Results: It was observed that the offer of the cervix had an impact not only on reducing stress and pain in newborns, but on the weight gain in weight as energy expenditure was minimized through the reduction of crying. The length of stay in the unit influenced by weight also decreased when compared to the months prior to the study. Conclusion: Colinho time provided the strengthening of reception in environments that are notoriously recognized as stressful, both for patients and professionals. The humanization of neonatal nursing care during the pandemic period and the relationship between the team and the newborns' families was expanded. (AU)


Objetivo: Informar sobre la importancia de ofrecer toque y regazo a los RN que se encuentran en una Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios Neonatales y que tuvieron sus vínculos maternos os familiares quebrantados por el SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia, basado en la implementación del proyecto "tiempo colinho" en una Unidad de Atención Neonatal Intermedia en un hospital público de referencia para Covid-19, ubicado en la ciudad de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Resultados: Se observó que la oferta del cérvix no solo incidió en la reducción del estrés y el dolor en los recién nacidos, sino en el aumento de peso en peso ya que se minimizó el gasto energético a través de la reducción del llanto. En consecuencia, la estancia en la unidad influida por el peso también disminuyó con respecto a los últimos meses previos a este estudio. Conclusión: colinho time proporcionó el fortalecimiento de la recepción en entornos notoriamente reconocidos como estresantes tanto para pacientes como para profesionales. Además, amplió la humanización de los cuidados de enfermería neonatal durante el período pandémico y posibilitó la relación entre el equipo y las familias de los RN, brindando oportunidades para un mayor vínculo entre ellos, sin mencionar claramente una mayor implicación entre profesionales y pacientes. (AU)


Subject(s)
Occupational Risks , Health Personnel , Emergency Medical Services
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 56: e0181, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422875

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The rate of tuberculosis (TB) infection among the prison population (PP) in Brazil is 28 times higher than that in the general population, and prison environment favors the spread of TB. Objective: To describe TB transmission dynamics and drug resistance profiles in PP using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: This was a retrospective study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultivated from people incarcerated in 55 prisons between 2016 and 2019; only one isolate per prisoner was included. Information about movement from one prison to another was tracked. Clinical information was collected, and WGS was performed on isolates obtained at the time of TB diagnosis. Results: Among 134 prisoners included in the study, we detected 16 clusters with a total of 58 (43%) cases of M. tuberculosis. Clusters ranged from two to seven isolates with five or fewer single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) differences, suggesting a recent transmission. Six (4.4%) isolates were resistant to at least one anti-TB drug. Two of these clustered together and showed resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, and fluoroquinolones, with 100% concordance between WGS and phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing. Prisoners with clustered isolates had a high amount of movement between prisons (two to eight moves) during the study period. Conclusions: WGS demonstrated the recent transmission of TB within prisons in Brazil. The high movement among prisoners seems to be related to the transmission of the same M. tuberculosis strain within the prison system. Screening for TB before and after the movement of prisoners using rapid molecular tests could play a role in reducing transmission.

3.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 105(2): 1-9, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1424922

ABSTRACT

We assessed the performance of MTBDRsl for detection of resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides/cyclic peptides, and ethambutol compared to BACTEC MGIT 960 by subjecting simultaneously to both tests 385 phenotypically multidrug-resistant-Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Discordances were resolved by Sanger sequencing. MTBDRsl correctly detected 99.7% of the multidrug-resistant isolates, 87.8% of the pre-XDR, and 73.9% of the XDR. The assay showed sensitivity of 86.4%, 100%, 85.2% and 76.4% for fluoroquinolones, amikacin/kanamycin, capreomycin and ethambutol, respectively. Specificity was 100% for fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides/cyclic peptides, and 93.6% for ethambutol. Most fluoroquinolone-discordances were due to mutations in genome regions not targeted by the MTBDRsl v. 1.0: gyrA_H70R and gyrB_R446C, D461N, D449V, and N488D. Capreomycin-resistant isolates with wild-type rrs results on MTBDRsl presented tlyA mutations. MTBDRsl presented good performance for detecting resistance to second-line drugs and ethambutol in clinical isolates. In our setting, multidrug-resistant. isolates presented mutations not targeted by the molecular assay.


Subject(s)
Amikacin , Sensitivity and Specificity , Genome , Diagnosis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis
4.
Estima (Online) ; 19(1): e1321, jan.-dez. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1291467

ABSTRACT

Objetivo:identificar na literatura como os óleos essenciais são utilizados em onicomicose. Métodos: revisão integrativa com buscas realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS e BVS, sendo 13 estudos analisados. Resultados: o uso de óleos essenciais Melaleucaalternifólia, Lavandulaangustifólia, Eucalyptuscitriodora e Foeniculumvulgare mostram-se eficazes e trazem benefícios no tratamento da onicomicose, por inibirem o crescimento micelial dos fungos infectantes das unhas. Sendo assim, os profissionais de saúde envolvidos nos cuidados em pessoas com onicomicose devem se manter atualizados sobre tais alternativas de tratamento e consequentemente da melhora da assistência prestada a esses pacientes. Conclusão: a eficácia antifúngica de uma variedade de óleos foi comprovada com diferentes formas de apresentação e possíveis associações. Entretanto, o nível da evidência apresentado foi baixo, o que justifica a necessidade de estudos mais robustos sobre a temática.


Objective:identify in the literature how essential oils are used in onychomycosis. Methods:integrative review with searches performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS and BVS databases, with 13 studies analyzed. Results: the use of essential oils Melaleuca alternifolia, Lavandula angustifolia, Eucalyptus citriodora and Foeniculum vulgare are effective and bring benefits in the treatment of onychomycosis, as they inhibit the mycelial growth of the nail fungus. Therefore, health professionals involved in the care of people with onychomycosis must keep themselves updated on such treatment alternatives and, consequently, on improving the care provided to these patients. Conclusion: the antifungal efficacy of a variety of oils has been proven with different forms of presentation and possible associations. However, the level of evidence presented was low, which justifies the need for more robust studies on the subject


Objetivo:Identificar en la literatura cómo se utilizan los aceites esenciales en la onicomicosis. Métodos: Revisión integrativa, con búsquedas realizadas en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PubMed Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS y VHL, donde se analizaron 13 estudios. Resultados: El uso de los aceites esenciales Melaleuca alternifolia, Lavandula angustifolia, Eucalyptus citriodora y Foeniculum vulgare resulta eficaz y aporta beneficios en el tratamiento de la onicomicosis ya que inhiben el crecimiento micelial del hongo ungueal. Así, los profesionales sanitarios implicados en la atención de las personas con onicomicosis onicomicosis deben mantenerse actualizados sobre dichas alternativas de tratamiento y, en consecuencia, sobre la mejora de la atención que se brinda a estos pacientes. Conclusión: La eficacia antifúngica de una variedad de aceites ha sido probada con diferentes formas de presentación y posibles asociaciones. Sin embargo, el nivel de evidencia presentado fue bajo, lo que justifica la necesidad de estudios más robustos sobre el tema


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile , Onychomycosis , Enterostomal Therapy , Nail Diseases
5.
ABCS health sci ; 45: [1-6], 02 jun 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1097558

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy-related diseases have aggravated the situation of postpartum women, who end up using Mechanical Ventilation (MV) when admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU). Although MV has benefits, it is associated with deleterious effects that can be minimized with the use of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze the epidemiological profile and ventilatory parameters of mothers, which developed HELLP Syndrome, sepsis and/or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), under MV and monitored with EIT. METHODS: The study was observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and prospective conducted between March and September 2018, using data collection forms filled from the database and sociodemographic, obstetric and ventilatory records of postpartum women admitted to adult ICU. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 13 postpartum women, 8 with sepsis (61.5%), 7 with HELLP syndrome (53.8%) and 4 with ARDS (30.8%). Five patients (38.5%) evolved with more than one of these conditions. Regarding the ventilatory parameters evaluated, VT 378.9 (±103.9) mL were observed and mean values found for PEEP 9.8 (±1.9) cmH2O and driving pressure 11.1 (±1.4) cmH2O are below recommendations in the literature, predicting lower mortality and morbidity index. CONCLUSION: The relevance of the driving pressure assessment in the MV setting was demonstrated, a parameter assessed by the EIT and directly related to static lung compliance (Cstat), PEEP, VT and optimization of regional pulmonary ventilation. It is highlighted the need for future research with greater clinical significance regarding the profile of postpartum women about the increasingly frequent diseases in this population.


INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças relacionadas à gravidez tem agravado o quadro de puérperas, que acabam fazendo uso de Ventilação Mecânica (VM) quando internadas em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). A VM, apesar de trazer benefícios, está associada a efeitos deletérios que podem ser minimizados com o uso da Tomografia por Impedância Elétrica (TIE). OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico e parâmetros ventilatórios de puérperas que evoluíram com Síndrome HELLP, Sepse e/ou Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório Agudo (SDRA), sob VM e monitoradas com a TIE. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal retrospectivo e prospectivo, realizado entre março e setembro de 2018, por meio de fichas de coletas preenchidas a partir de banco de dados/prontuários sociodemográficos, obstétricos e ventilatórios de puérperas internadas em UTI. RESULTADOS: Amostra composta por 13 puérperas, oito com Sepse (61,5%), sete com Síndrome HELLP (53,8%) e quatro com SDRA (30,8%), demonstrando que cinco (38,5%) pacientes evoluíram com mais de uma dessas patologias. Acerca dos parâmetros ventilatórios avaliados, observou-se VT 378.9 (± 103.9) e que valores médios encontrados para PEEP 9.8 (±1.9) e driving pressure 11.1 (±1.4) estão abaixo dos preconizados pela literatura, predizendo menores índices de mortalidade e morbidade. CONCLUSÃO: Demonstrou-se relevância da avaliação de driving pressure no cenário da VM, parâmetro avaliado por meio da TIE e diretamente relacionado à Cst, PEEP, VT e otimização da ventilação pulmonar regional. Destaca-se a necessidade de pesquisas futuras que apresentem maiores significâncias clínicas voltadas ao perfil de puérperas em relação às doenças cada vez mais frequentes nesta população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , HELLP Syndrome , Postpartum Period , Respiration, Artificial , Health Profile , Electric Impedance , Intensive Care Units
6.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 63: e20190179, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132181

ABSTRACT

Abstract (1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/classification
7.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 44(2): e060, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137502

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: Multiprofessional health residents deal with high stress daily, harming patient care, which can cause emotional and interpersonal reactions that contribute to the development of Burnout Syndrome, thus disclosing the importance of identifying the at-risk conditions for the syndrome and possible protection. The objectives of this study were to describe the occurrence of burnout, its impairment dimensions and the association with sociodemographic characteristics in multiprofessional residency professionals. Method: This is a descriptive research with a quantitative approach, conducted with multiprofessional health residents from public hospitals located in a capital of the Midwest region of Brazil. The ISB - Burnout Syndrome Inventory - was employed, using six indices (Positive Organizational Conditions, Negative Organizational Conditions, Emotional Exhaustion, Emotional Distancing, Dehumanization and Professional Achievement), associated with the assessment of sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, marital status, profession, previous work, change of city, living alone, having children, getting another degree, enjoying what you do in your free time, practicing physical activity, having a religion, undergoing a therapeutic process. The logistic regression method was used to verify the association between these characteristics and the diagnosis of burnout syndrome. A total of 134 residents participated in the survey. Results: The results showed that Emotional Exhaustion is present in 91% of participants; Emotional Distance in 89.6%; Dehumanization, in 61.9%; Professional Achievement in 11.2%; Positive Organizational Conditions, in 85.1%; and Negative Organizational Conditions, n 82.1%. A positive association was observed between taking simultaneous courses, male gender and living alone. Conclusion: It is observed that the practice of therapy can reduce the chance of developing the syndrome and it is concluded that there is a high prevalence of burnout syndrome in the assessed group, with it being a response to stress defined by the presence of exhaustion, distancing and dehumanization. Despite these results, the perception of professional achievement remains independent of stress.


Resumo: Introdução: Os residentes multiprofissionais da saúde lidam diariamente com alto nível de estresse, favorecendo o prejuízo ao atendimento do paciente, o que pode causar reações emocionais e interpessoais que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da síndrome de burnout, revelando, assim, a importância de identificar as condições de risco para a síndrome e a possível proteção. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a ocorrência de burnout, suas dimensões de comprometimento e a associação com características sociodemográficas entre profissionais da residência multiprofissional. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada com residentes multiprofissionais em saúde de hospitais públicos localizados em uma capital do Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Adotou-se o Inventário da Síndrome de Burnout (ISB), utilizando-se de seis índices (condições organizacionais positivas, condições organizacionais negativas, exaustão emocional, distanciamento emocional, desumanização e realização profissional), associados à avaliação de características sociodemográficas, como sexo, estado civil, profissão, trabalho anterior, mudança de cidade, morar sozinho, ter filhos, fazer outro curso, gostar do que faz nas horas vagas, praticar atividade física, ter religião, estar em processo terapêutico. O método de regressão logística foi utilizado para verificar a associação entre essas características e o diagnóstico da síndrome de burnout. Participaram da pesquisa 134 residentes. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que a exaustão emocional está presente em 91% dos participantes; o distanciamento emocional em 89,6%; a desumanização em 61,9%; a realização profissional em 11,2%; as condições organizacionais positivas em 85,1%; e as condições organizacionais negativas em 82,1%. A associação positiva foi feita entre a realização de cursos simultâneos, a característica sexo masculino e o fato de morar sozinho. Conclusões: Observa-se que a prática de terapia pode reduzir a chance do desenvolvimento da síndrome e conclui-se que há uma alta prevalência da síndrome de burnout no grupo pesquisado, sendo resposta ao estresse definido pela presença de exaustão, distanciamento e desumanização. Apesar desses resultados, a percepção de realização profissional se mantém independente do estresse.

8.
J. bras. pneumol ; 45(2): e20180128, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002440

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the rapid diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, by using a commercial line probe assay for rifampicin and isoniazid detection (LPA-plus), in the routine workflow of a tuberculosis reference laboratory. Methods: The LPA-plus was prospectively evaluated on 341 isolates concurrently submitted to the automated liquid drug susceptibility testing system. Results: Among 303 phenotypically valid results, none was genotypically rifampicin false-susceptible (13/13; 100% sensitivity). Two rifampicin-susceptible isolates harboured rpoB mutations (288/290; 99.3% specificity) which, however, were non-resistance-conferring mutations. LPA-plus missed three isoniazid-resistant isolates (23/26; 88.5% sensitivity) and detected all isoniazid-susceptible isolates (277/277; 100% specificity). Among the 38 (11%) invalid phenotypic results, LPA-plus identified 31 rifampicin- and isoniazid-susceptible isolates, one isoniazid-resistant and six as non-Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Conclusions: LPA-plus showed excellent agreement (≥91%) and accuracy (≥99%). Implementing LPA-plus in our setting can speed up the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, yield a significantly higher number of valid results than phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and provide further information on the drug-resistance level.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o diagnóstico rápido de tuberculose multirresistente, utilizando um teste comercial de sondas em linha (LPA-plus), na rotina de um laboratório de referência de tuberculose. Métodos: O teste LPA-plus foi avaliado prospectivamente em 341 isolados simultaneamente submetidos ao teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos em meio líquido, pelo sistema automatizado. Resultados: Entre os 303 resultados fenotipicamente válidos, nenhum foi genotipicamente falso suscetível à rifampicina (13/13; 100% de sensibilidade). Dois isolados sensíveis à rifampicina apresentavam mutações no gene rpoB (288/290; especificidade de 99,3%), as quais, no entanto, não são associadas à resistência a rifampicina. O LPA-plus não identificou resistência à isoniazida em três isolados fenotipicamente resistentes (23/26; 88,5% de sensibilidade) e detectou todos os isolados sensíveis à isoniazida (277/277; especificidade de 100%). Entre os 38 (11%) resultados fenotípicos inválidos, o LPA-plus identificou 31 isolados sensíveis à rifampicina e à isoniazida, um resistente à isoniazida e seis como micobactérias não tuberculosas. Conclusões: O LPA-plus mostrou excelente concordância (≥91%) e acurácia (≥99%). Sua implementação pode acelerar o diagnóstico da tuberculose multirresistente, produzir número significativamente maior de resultados válidos do que o teste fenotípico de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos e fornecer informações adicionais sobre o nível de resistência aos fármacos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Phenotype , Rifampin/pharmacology , Time Factors , DNA, Bacterial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Early Diagnosis , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology
9.
Psicol. rev. (Belo Horizonte) ; 24(3): 726-743, set.-dez. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | INDEXPSI, LILACS | ID: biblio-1026692

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o "Brincando em Família", projeto de extensão da Universidade Federal da Bahia, que oferece atendimento psicológico em grupo e pode ser livremente frequentado por crianças e suas famílias. O projeto se sustenta na discussão sobre políticas e práticas de saúde mental infantil e na teoria psicanalítica, particularmente nas contribuições de Winnicott e na perspectiva de Holmes sobre a acolhida. Com base no relato do cuidado oferecido a alguns frequentadores, mostra-se que a acolhida a crianças e suas famílias (envolvendo a oferta de um espaço para brincar e a presença atenta da equipe) propicia avanços terapêuticos e, ao mesmo tempo, fortalece a autonomia dos sujeitos. Destaca-se o potencial do projeto na promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento infantil, detecção precoce e tratamento, recebendo encaminhamentos de diversos setores (educação, assistência social, atenção básica), tornando-se, assim, um serviço importante em uma rede de atenção psicossocial.


This paper presents a report about "Family playing" project, which is an extension project from the Federal University of Bahia. This project offers group psychological counseling, which children and their families can join freely. The project is based on the discussion of policies and child mental health practices, and psychoanalytic theory, particularly Winnicott's contributions and Holmes perspective on the reception. Based on the reports about the care provided to some regular attendees, it is shown that the reception of children and their families (which involves offering a space to play and the attentive presence of staff) provides therapeutic advances while at the same time it strengthens the individuals' autonomy. Noteworthy is the potential of the project to promote health and child development, early detection and treatment of problems. The center receives referrals from various sectors (education, social welfare, primary health care), thus making it an important service in a network of psychosocial care.


Se presenta un relato de experiencia sobre "Jugando en Familia", un proyecto de extensión de la Universidad Federal de Bahía, que ofrece atención psicológica en grupo y que puede ser libremente frecuentado por niños y sus familias. El Proyecto se sustenta en la discusión sobre políticas y prácticas de salud mental infantil y en la teoría psicoanalítica, especialmente la contribución de Winniccot y la perspectiva de Holmes sobre la acogida. Con base en el relato del cuidado ofrecido a algunos usuarios, se muestra que la acogida ­ incluyendo la oferta de un lugar para jugar y la presencia atenta del equipo ­ estimula avances terapéuticos y al mismo tiempo fortalece la autonomía de niños y sus familias. Se destaca el potencial del Proyecto para promover salud y desarrollo infantil, realizar detección precoz y tratamiento, recibiendo derivaciones de diversos sectores asistenciales, convirtiéndose así en un servicio importante en una red de atención psicosocial.


Subject(s)
Child Care , Mental Health , Psychoanalysis , Public Policy , Family
10.
Clin. biomed. res ; 38(3): 281-291, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046930

ABSTRACT

A tuberculose multidrogarresistente (MDR-TB) e a tuberculose extensivamente resistente (XDR-TB), levantam preocupações pelo grande número de casos, especialmente na África, Ásia e Europa, e pela taxa de sucesso ainda baixa no tratamento, atingindo 54% para MDR-TB e 30% para XDR-TB. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar as diferentes realidades epidemiológicas dos doentes com MDR-TB e XDR-TB em diferentes partes do mundo. Foram revisados artigos da última década nas bases científicas disponíveis. Os estudos mostraram que a maioria das pessoas afetadas pela MDR-TB são do sexo masculino, migrantes ou imigrantes, que já haviam sido tratados anteriormente. Descrevemos que o tratamento da tuberculose (TB) usualmente resulta em cura, mas também pode levar à seleção dos bacilos mais resistentes. Mostramos que o surgimento de cepas resistentes na TB se deve ao tratamento inadequado de formas mais simples de TB, com cepas resultantes de manejo difícil e que as populações vulneráveis são as mais afetadas. Salientamos que o abandono do tratamento é fator que comumente origina esse problema complexo da doença e elencamos os genes de resistência mais estudados. (AU)


Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) raise concerns for their great number of cases, especially in Africa, Asia and Europe, and for their still low treatment success rate, reaching 54% for MDR-TB and 30% for XDR-TB. The objective of this study is to report the epidemiological situation of patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB in different parts of the world. Articles published in the last decade were collected from available scientific databases and reviewed. The studies showed that most of those affected by MDR-TB are male, migrants or immigrants, and had been previously treated for tuberculosis (TB). We report that TB treatment usually ends in cure, but may also lead to selection of the most resistant bacilli. We show that the emergence of resistant strains in TB is due to inappropriate treatment of simpler forms of TB, resulting in strains of difficult management, and that the most vulnerable populations are the most affected. We emphasize that treatment dropout is the factor most commonly associated with this complicated issue, and also list the most studied multidrug resistance genes. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology
11.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(3): 560-565, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889133

ABSTRACT

Abstract Ovine/caprine ureaplasmas have not yet been assigned a species designation, but they have been classified into nine serotypes. Herein ureaplasmas were searched for in 120 samples of vulvo vaginal mucous from sheep and 98 samples from goats at 17 farms. In addition, semen samples were collected from 11 sheep and 23 goats. The recovered ureaplasma were from sheep and goats from animals without any reproductive disorder symptoms, but not all animals presented positive cultures. In sheep, 17 (68%) cultures of vulvovaginal mucous were positive for ureaplasma and 11 (27%) samples of semen presented positive cultures in animals with clinical signs of orchitis, balanoposthitis or low sperm motility. In goats four ureaplasma isolates were obtained from vulvovaginal mucus, but the semen samples were all negative. The isolates were submitted to Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis methodology and their 16S rRNA genes were sequenced. Fifty percent of ureaplasma recovered from sheep allowed for PFGE typing. Eleven isolates showed eight profiles genetically close to the bovine ureaplasmas. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed differences or similarities of isolates from sheep and goats, and the reference strains of bovine and human ureaplasma. Four clinical isolates from sheep were grouped separately. The studied ureaplasma isolates showed to be a diverse group of mollicutes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Semen/microbiology , Sheep Diseases/microbiology , Ureaplasma/isolation & purification , Vagina/microbiology , Goat Diseases/microbiology , Ureaplasma Infections/veterinary , Ureaplasma/classification , Ureaplasma/genetics , Brazil , Goats , Sheep , Ureaplasma Infections/microbiology
12.
Psicol. clín ; 29(3): 429-447, 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-895745

ABSTRACT

Este estudo aborda o trabalho com a família nas práticas de cuidado à saúde mental e o desenvolvimento infantil, tendo como suporte a teoria psicanalítica. Aborda-se a história e as atuais políticas de saúde mental infantil, no marco do Sistema Único de Saúde, com ênfase no lugar em que a família é colocada. Reflete-se sobre as contribuições da psicanálise para as práticas de cuidado à saúde mental na infância, especialmente o aporte de Winnicott e os conceitos de Acolhida (Holmes, 2012) e Cuidado (Figueiredo, 2009). Realizou-se um estudo de caso com frequentadores de um serviço que atende crianças e suas famílias, buscando compreender como ocorreu o processo terapêutico: desde a chegada, através de um encaminhamento, à construção do psicodiagnóstico, a devolutiva oferecida à família e os avanços terapêuticos observados. Os atendimentos foram transcritos e analisados com o método da análise temática. Encontrou-se que a acolhida, eixo central do trabalho terapêutico no serviço estudado, fortalece os vínculos familiares e repercute em uma maior qualidade do cuidado oferecido à criança. Finalmente, são apontados alguns avanços conceituais e seus desdobramentos práticos, que evidenciam a importância de serviços que preencham a lacuna assistencial existente na brecha entre a atenção básica e os serviços de alta complexidade.


The present study aims to further the discussion of working with families in the practice of mental health and child development using a psychoanalytical approach. The history and current child mental health policies are reviewed within the context of the public health service in Brazil emphasizing how the family is treated. We also reflect on the contributions psychoanalysis can make in terms of child mental health, especially the contribution of Winnicott and the concepts of Acceptance (Holmes, 2012) and Care (Figueiredo, 2009). Some case studies were carried out involving children and their families attending a centre, looking forward to understand the therapeutic process: since the beginning coming from another institution, the construction of psycho diagnostics, feedback offered to family and therapeutic change observed. Sessions were transcribed and analysed with thematic analysis method. Our results show that reception, the main axis of therapeutic work, strengthens family ties and in turn affects the quality of care offered to the child. Finally, some conceptual advances and their practical application are suggested, addressing the importance of services able to fill the assistance gap among primary care and high complexity mental health services.


Este estudio aborda el trabajo con la familia en el cuidado a la salud mental y el desarrollo infantil, contando con el subsidio teórico psicoanalítico. Se aborda la historia y actuales políticas de salud mental infantil, dentro del Sistema Único de Salud, enfatizando el lugar en que la familia es colocada. Se reflexiona sobre los aportes del psicoanálisis a las prácticas de cuidado a la salud mental infantil, especialmente la contribución de Winnicott y los conceptos de Acogida (Holmes, 2012) y Cuidado (Figueiredo, 2009). Fue realizado un estudio de caso con frecuentadores de un servicio que atiende a niños y sus familias, buscando comprender como transcurrió el proceso terapéutico: desde la llegada por una derivación, la construcción del psicodiagnóstico, la devolución brindada a la familia y los avances terapéuticos observados. Los atendimientos fueron transcritos y analizados con el método del análisis temático. Se encontró que la acogida, eje central del trabajo terapéutico en el servicio estudiado, fortalece los vínculos familiares y la calidad del cuidado ofrecido al niño. Finalmente, se destaca algunos avances conceptuales y sus implicaciones prácticas, que evidencian la importancia de servicios que llenan el vacío asistencial existente entre la atención básica y los servicios de alta complejidad.

13.
In. Oliveira, Maria Helena Barros de; Erthal, Regina Maria de Carvalho; Vianna, Marcos Besserman; Da Matta, Jairo Luis Jacques; Vasconcellos, Luiz Carlos Fadel de; Bonfatti, Renato José. Direitos Humanos e saúde: construindo caminhos, viabilizando rumos. Rio de Janeiro, Cebes, 2017. p.247-260.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-970734

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as dificuldades ou facilidades encontradas pelos usuários adultos e idosos com HA no acesso à ESF em Vitória da Conquista (BA), visando contribuir para a melhoria das condições do acesso às ações e serviços de saúde disponibilizados para a população na AB por intermédio da ESF no município. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Disease , National Health Strategies , Human Rights , Hypertension
14.
Espaç. saúde (Online) ; 17(2): 59-65, dez. 2016. Ilustrações, Tabelas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-833038

ABSTRACT

A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) é uma doença causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e é transmitida ao homem pela picada do mosquito flebotomíneo. O Brasil nos últimos anos tem apresentado aumento do número de casos e a doença tem ampliado sua extensão geográfica. Na região Sul, o estado do Paraná registra mais de 90% das notificações e o município de Jussara, situado a noroeste do estado, tem um dos maiores coeficientes de detecção da doença (299,4 casos/100.000 hab). O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas da endemia da LTA no município, no período de 1994 a 2014. Observou-se que os coeficientes flutuaram ao longo dos anos. Foram notificados 399 casos. A doença foi mais frequente nos homens, adultos jovens, que adquiriram a LTA especialmente relacionada ao trabalho rural. A autoctonia da doença foi de 97,5%. A forma clínica predominante foi a cutânea e o acesso ao exame diagnóstico foi observado para todos os portadores da infecção. São reconhecidos na literatura os avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento e as dificuldades das medidas de controle da doença, especialmente aquelas relacionadas ao vetor (AU)


American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, and is transmitted to humans by the bite of phlebotominae mosquitos. In recent years, Brazil has presented an increase in the number of cases and the disease has expanded its geographic extension. The Brazilian Southern region, state of Paraná, registers more than 90% of notifications, and the city of Jussara, located on the northwest of the State, has one of the largest coefficients of disease detection (299.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants). The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of endemic ATL in the city between 1994 and 2014. Coefficients fluctuation over the years was observed. There were 399 cases notified. The disease was more frequent in men, young adults, with transmission especially related to rural work. The autochthonism of the disease was of 97.5%. The predominant clinical form was cutaneous, and access to diagnostic examination was observed for all the infected hosts. The advances in diagnosis and treatment, and the difficulties of disease control measures, especially those related to the vector, are acknowledged. (AU)


Subject(s)
Epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/prevention & control , Endemic Diseases/prevention & control
15.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 111(9): 545-550, Sept. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794728

ABSTRACT

Abstract Brazil is one of the high burden countries for tuberculosis, and a rapid diagnosis is essential for effective control of the disease. In the present study, an in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the mpt64 gene for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates was evaluated under routine diagnosis conditions in a reference laboratory. From May 2011 to July 2012, 1,520 isolates of mycobacteria were prospectively submitted for phenotypic and/or PRA-hsp65 identification and to real-time PCR. The mpt64 real-time PCR showed 99.7% sensitivity and 96% specificity and detected 79.4% of the cases missed by phenotypic and PRA-hsp65 identification. The in-house real-time PCR assay showed high sensitivity and specificity and was successfully implemented in the routine diagnosis of tuberculosis in a reference laboratory from a high burden setting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors
16.
Vitória da Conquista; s.n; 2016. 88 p. map, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-870389

ABSTRACT

A hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma Doença Crônica Não Transmissível (DCNT) caracterizada pela elevação dos níveis pressóricos, representando o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento as doenças cardiovasculares, cerebrovasculares e renais. No Brasil, o Sistema Único de Saúde lançou recentemente o Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (2011-2022), estabelecendo uma política pública de promoção e proteção à saúde que inclui o combate à HA como parte das ações da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). OBJETIVO: Identificar as dificuldades e facilidades encontradas pelos usuários adultos e idosos com hipertensão arterial no acesso à Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) em Vitória da Conquista, BA. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em 4 Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) do município de Vitória da Conquista. A população do estudo foi constituída por 40 usuários, aos quais aplicou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada. Para tratamento das informações coletadas foi utilizada a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo na Modalidade Análise Temática. O estudo atendeu as recomendações da Resolução nº 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, sendo o projeto submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O resultado da pesquisa traz à baila elementos que dificultam a construção social da saúde como direito da cidadania, tanto pela determinação cultural, histórica e social do senso comum sobre serviços sanitários no Brasil, quanto das próprias deficiências na execução das políticas públicas de saúde por parte do Poder Público.


Raised blood pressure (RBP) is a chronic Non Communicable Disease (NCD), characterized as the persistence of high blood pressure levels, is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and ischemic as well as hemorrhagic stroke and kidney diseases. In Brazil, the Unified Health System recently launched the Strategic Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Chronic Non communicable Diseases (2011-2022), establishing a public policy of promoting and protecting health that includes the fight against RBP as part of the actions of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). OBJECTIVES: Identifying the difficulties and facilities faced by adult and elderly affected by RBP in accessing the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. METHODOLOGY: Designed as a Qualitative study, the research was held in four Family Health Units (USF) in the city of Vitoria da Conquista. Forty RBP users responded a semi-structured interview. The content analysis of collected data has been developed by using the technique of Thematic Analysis. The study meets the commitments of Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council, and have the project submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca. CONCLUSION: The results of this study brings up elements that hinder the social construction of health as a right of citizenship, both due to cultural, historical and social determination of common sense about health services in Brazil, as well as own shortcomings in the implementation of public policy of health managed by the Government.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , National Health Strategies , Health Services Accessibility , Hypertension , Right to Health
17.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(2): 235-248, 04/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ILSLACERVO, SES-SP | ID: lil-744471

ABSTRACT

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a growing global threat. Approximately 450,000 people developed multidrug-resistant TB worldwide in 2012 and an estimated 170,000 people died from the disease. This paper describes the sociodemographic, clinical-epidemiological and bacteriological aspects of TB and correlates these features with the distribution of anti-TB drug resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) cultures and drug susceptibility testing were performed according to the BACTEC MGIT 960 method. The results demonstrated that MT strains from individuals who received treatment for TB and people who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus were more resistant to TB drugs compared to other individuals (p < 0.05). Approximately half of the individuals received supervised treatment, but most drug-resistant cases were positive for pulmonary TB and exhibited positive acid-fast bacilli smears, which are complicating factors for TB control programs. Primary healthcare is the ideal level for early disease detection, but tertiary healthcare is the most common entry point for patients into the system. These factors require special attention from healthcare managers and professionals to effectively control and monitor the spread of TB drug-resistant cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Drug Therapy , Nonprescription Drugs/administration & dosage , Serbia
18.
Hansen. int ; 39(1): 40-55, 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-831060

ABSTRACT

Mesmo após 133 anos desde a descoberta do Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a tuberculose continua ser uma das principais causas de morte por doenças infecciosas no mundo, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento.O objetivo deste estudo foi mostrar aspectos relevantes da doença visando uma atualização literária e a busca de um olhar mais atento à problemática da tuberculose no contexto atual. Foram utilizados 130 artigos advindos das bases LILACS, MEDLINE/PUBMED, SCielo, Paho, Biblioteca Cochrane, WHOLIS, IBECS e Scopus, com as principais palavras-chaves selecionadas em terminologia em saúde encontradas no DECS. As espécies pertencentes ao Complexo M. tuberculosis compartilham cerca de 99% de identidade do DNA,com sequências altamente conservadas, mas diferem na distribuição geográfica, patogenicidade e hospedeiros. O mecanismo de resistência clinicamente significativo para rifampicina é uma mutação do gene rpoB, que codifica o alvo desse antibiótico. Há grandes avanços no diagnóstico da TB, com novos instrumentos de biologia molecular e testes rápidos, mas ainda não substituem os métodos clássicos bacteriológicos, apesar de suas conhecidas limitações. Atualmente, a associação de métodos moleculares, principalmente aqueles baseados em reações da PCR tem proporcionado grande impulso nos estudos da epidemiologia molecular do MT. Embora haja uma diminuição do número de casos no mundo, dentre os desafios da doença estão a necessidade de pesquisas na área, envolvimento político para solucionar as questões sociais atribuídas à TB, treinamento permanente dos profissionais e monitoramento de vigilância dos casos para eliminar a doença no cenário mundial.


Even 133 years after the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis continues to be one of the main causes of death due to infectious diseases worldwide, especially in developing countries. The objective of this study was, after a survey of recent publications, to show issues relevant to the disease and to takea closer look at the tuberculosis problem in the current context. A total of 130 articles were found in the LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, Paho, Cochrane Library, WHOLIS, IBECS and Scopus databases using the main keywords selected from health terminology of MeSH. Species belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex have highly conserved sequences and share about 99% DNA identity, but differ in their geographic distribution, pathogenicityand host. The clinically significant mechanismof rifampicin resistance is due to a mutation of the rpoB gene which encodes the target of the antibiotic. Great advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis have occurred, with new molecular biology tools and rapid tests, but without replacing classical bacteriological methods, despite their known limitations. Recently, the association of molecular methods, especially based on PCR, has provided great impetus in molecular epidemiology studies of M. tuberculosis. Although the number of cases in the world has decreased, among the challenges are the need for further research, political involvement to solve social issues linked to tuberculosis, permanent training and the surveillance of cases in order to eliminate the disease on the world stage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/etiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/history , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/transmission , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Molecular Typing , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Clinical Laboratory Techniques
19.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 44(2): 465-468, 2013.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469594

ABSTRACT

This study investigated biological characteristics of recovered stressed M. tuberculosis isolates that failed to grow in differential culture media for phenotypic identification and in culture media containing anti-tuberculosis drugs for drug-susceptibility testing, despite of having grown in primary culture. It represents an improvement in the diagnosis of MDR tuberculosis and tuberculosis control.


Subject(s)
Culture Media , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis , Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis , Colony Count, Microbial
20.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(7): 903-908, Nov. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656047

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. Rapid diagnosis of resistant strains is important for the control of TB. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays may detect all of the mutations that occur in the M. tuberculosis 81-bp core region of the rpoB gene, which is responsible for resistance to rifampin (RIF) and codon 315 of the katG gene and the inhA ribosomal binding site, which are responsible for isoniazid (INH). The goal of this study was to assess the performance of RT-PCR compared to traditional culture-based methods for determining the drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis. BACTEC TM MGIT TM 960 was used as the gold standard method for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. Susceptibilities to INH and RIF were also determined by genotyping of katG, inhA and rpoB genes. RT-PCR based on molecular beacons probes was used to detect specific point mutations associated with resistance. The sensitivities of RT-PCR in detecting INH resistance using katG and inhA targets individually were 55% and 25%, respectively and 73% when combined. The sensitivity of the RT-PCR assay in detecting RIF resistance was 99%. The median time to complete the RT-PCR assay was three-four hours. The specificities for tests were both 100%. Our results confirm that RT-PCR can detect INH and RIF resistance in less than four hours with high sensitivity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Rifampin/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Catalase/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Mutation , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Oxidoreductases/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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